Unit:9
Critical thinking
a. What does Mandela mean when he says - a rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world?
Mandela intended the expression ‘a rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world’ to mean the unity of multi-culturalism and the coming-together of people of many different nations, in a country once recognized with the division of white and black under the Apartheid rule.
Rainbow is the combination of seven colors. South Africa is referred to a Rainbow Nation to describe the unity of various cultural, racial or ethnic groups in the country during the post-apartheid period, compared to the earlier division on the basis of skin color. In some South African cultures, the rainbow symbolizes hope and bright future.
Mandela anticipated the peaceful place where they could build the society in which all South Africans, both Black and White could live without any fear in their hearts with absolute right to human dignity. He wanted them to live and work together in unity like the band of colours in a rainbow. He wished they could have forgotten the vicious and repressive past.
b. Mandela should have avenged on those who imprisoned him for such a long period. Instead, he followed the path of reconciliation. Why do you think he did so?
Mandela led his country wisely, promoting reconciliation and living up to the expectations of supporters around the world. He successfully steered a country in chaos, towards a negotiated settlement. He validated national reconciliation, an idea he did not merely foster in the abstract, but performed with confidence in reaching out to former opponents. He never avenged on those who imprisoned him, tortured his people, and committed horrible atrocities against the non-white populaces in South Africa.
Mandela possessed the capacity of forgiveness. He believed that the feeling of rivalry, avenge and enmity divides the people and creates commotion and disorder. For him, a division in a society interrupts harmony among the people. Reigning over the transition from apartheid minority rule to a multicultural democracy, he saw national reconciliation as the fundamental task of his presidency.
Having examined other post-colonial African economies spoiled by the departure of white elites, Mandela reassured South Africa's white population that they were protected and represented in South Africa. He made his people believe that prosperity couldn’t be possible without unity. His aim was to liberate all his people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination.
c. Why and how have societies struggled with segregation in the world? Do you find any evidence of segregation in your society? Discuss.
Segregation is the social separation of human beings on the basis of any number of factors, including race, ethnicity, or nationality. It is taken to describe a condition of inequality. Many societies have struggled with this problem in the world. Racial segregation is one of the most common forms of segregation and is generally forbidden, but can still exist through social norms even when there is no strong individual preference for it. Racial segregation has appeared in all parts of the world where there are multiracial communities.
The practice of segregation can also be intentional or self-imposed. Any form of segregation can lead to social, economic and political tensions. The treatment of minorities as inferior beings makes them avoid the main stream society. The idea of segregation denies civil and political rights of the oppressed groups. This established practice often hinders fundamental integration and equality. Such practice is habitually expressed, for example, in the rejection of equal opportunities affecting individuals’ living conditions. The oppression has been knowledgeable throughout history by women, members of castes, homosexuals, and assorted religious groups.
The Nepalese law doesn’t endorse any segregated society in terms of religion, caste and ethnicity. However, it is acknowledged due to its innate existing nature in the societies. Entry into the inner courtyard of Pashupati temple is strictly supervised by the temple security. Hindu and Buddhist followers of Indian and Tibetan descendant are only permitted into temple courtyard. Hindus and Buddhists followers of other than Nepali, Indian, Tibetan origin are forbidden into the temple complex along with other non - Hindu visitors.
Writing
a. Nepal has topsy-turvy political history. Many changes have been observed in different times. Write a short biography of any Nepali freedom fighter incorporating the changes brought under his/her leadership.
Ganesh Man Singh
Ganesh Man Singh is respected as the Father of Democracy and Iron Man of Nepalese politics. He was born to a rich family on November 09, 1915 in Kathmandu. He studied in Darbar High School till grade six. He was expelled from the school because he didn’t respect his fellow students who were Ranas. He continued his studies in India.
To protest against the autocratic rulers of Nepal, he joined the Praja Parishad, the first political party in Nepal, in 1940. For anti-Rana activities, he was sentenced to life in prison. He escaped from the jail in 1944. He played an important role to overthrow the Rana Regime.
After the coup of late king Mahendra, he was arrested and kept at Sundarijal Military Detention Camp for eight years. He didn’t let his spirit be broken. After he was released, he advocated democracy in Nepal. He led the Nepalese Democratic Movement in 1990 that overthrew the Panchayat System. He always transcended above the party politics.
He was awarded the United States Peace Run Prize in 1990. Moreover, he was the first Asian to be honored with the United Nations Human Rights Award. Sadly, he died on September 18th, 1997. He was the first commoner to receive the State Funeral in Nepal.
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